小托马斯·沃森简介
小托马斯·约翰·沃森(Thomas J. Watson Jr)IBM(国际商用机器公司)的开拓者。1914年生于美国俄亥俄州的代顿市。1937年毕业于美国布朗大学。毕业后进入在航空领域任职,二战时(1942年)到美国空军服役,1946年作为推销员进入IBM,1952年担任IBM总裁。1956年担任IBM董事长,1971年因病辞去董事长职务。后来成为美国驻前苏联大使,直到1980年。
小沃森领导IBM公司进入计算机时代并进一步将其发展为商界巨擘。他由此被《财富》杂志称为“有史以来最伟大的资本家”。
Thomas Watson, Jr. was born on January 14, 1914 just before his father was summarily dismissed from his job at NCR. Then came two daughters, Jane and Helen, before the youngest child, Arthur Kittredge Watson, was born.
Both sons were immersed in IBM from a very early age; Tom Watson, Jr. was later to say that IBM was always on his mind. He was taken on plant inspections — his first memory of such a visit (to the Dayton, Ohio factory) was at the age of five — business tours to Europe and he made appearances at the Hundred Per Cent Club even before he was old enough to attend school.
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Talking to a reporter in 1974, Watson, Jr. described his relationship with his father; "My father and I had terrible fights … He seemed like a blanket that covered everything. I really wanted to beat him but also make him proud of me". But this relationship was not all negative as Tom himself admitted in the same interview; "I really enjoyed the ten years (working) with him". In his own book (Father Son & Co.), on the very first page, he gives his own comment of the force that drove him; "I was so intimately entwined with my father. I had a compelling desire, maybe out of honor for the old gentleman, maybe out of sheer cussedness, to prove to the world that I could excel in the same way that he did."
Watson Jr. attended the Hun School of Princeton in Princeton, New Jersey.
He claimed in his autobiography that as a child he had a "strange defect in his vision" that made written words appear to fall off the page when he tried to read them. As a result Watson struggled in school, and he acknowledged that Brown University reluctantly admitted him as a favor to his father. He obtained a business degree in 1937.
After graduating Watson became a salesman for IBM, but he had little interest in the job. The critical turning point in Watson's life was his service as a pilot in the Army Air Force during World War II. Both brothers, Tom and "Dick" (Arthur) Watson, served in the forces during the Second World War, Arthur (dropping out of Yale) as a Major in Ordnance and Tom, Jr. as a pilot, a Lieutenant Colonel chauffeuring top brass around the USSR. Tom, Jr. later admitted to journalists that the one career he really would have liked to follow was that of an airline pilot. Piloting came easily to him and for the first time he had confidence in his abilities. Toward the end of his service Watson worked for Maj. Gen. Follett Bradley, who suggested that he should try to follow his father at IBM. Watson regularly flew Bradley, the director of lend-lease programs to the Soviet Union, to Moscow during the war. On these trips he learned Russian, which would later serve him well as the American Ambassador to the Soviet Union.
Watson returned to IBM at the beginning of 1946. He was promoted to be a Vice President just six months later and was promoted to the board just four months after that. Continuing to make record progress, he became Executive Vice-President in 1949.